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International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2020Patients with advanced skeletal metastases arising from primary cancers including breast, lung, and prostate suffer from extreme pain, bone loss, and frequent fractures....
Patients with advanced skeletal metastases arising from primary cancers including breast, lung, and prostate suffer from extreme pain, bone loss, and frequent fractures. While the importance of interactions between bone and tumors is well-established, our understanding of complex cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions remains limited in part due to a lack of appropriate 3D bone models. To improve our understanding of the influence of bone morphometric properties on the regulation of tumor-induced bone disease (TIBD), we utilized bone-like 3D scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Scaffolds were seeded with tumor cells, and changes in cell motility, proliferation, and gene expression were measured. Genes associated with TIBD significantly increased with increasing scaffold rigidity. Drug response differed when tumors were cultured in 3D compared to 2D. Inhibitors for Integrin β3 and TGF-β Receptor II significantly reduced bone-metastatic gene expression in 2D but not 3D, while treatment with the Gli antagonist GANT58 significantly reduced gene expression in both 2D and 3D. When tumor-seeded 3D scaffolds were implanted into mice, infiltration of myeloid progenitors changed in response to pore size and rigidity. This study demonstrates a versatile 3D model of bone used to study the influence of mechanical and morphometric properties of bone on TIBD.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Mice; Mice, Nude; Models, Biological; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Proteins; Pyridines; Thiophenes; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 32967150
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186913 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong... 2020Evidence on the incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of bone metastases among patients with systemic malignancy is limited. This study aimed to evaluate it using the...
PURPOSE
Evidence on the incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of bone metastases among patients with systemic malignancy is limited. This study aimed to evaluate it using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
METHODS
We collected patients diagnosed with solid malignant tumors deriving outside of the bone, hematologic malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, and myeloma from the SEER database (from 2010 to 2013). The incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of these systemic malignancies with bone metastases were then analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 67,605 patients with bone metastases at cancer diagnosis were included. The highest rate of bone metastases was observed in patients with small-cell lung cancer at the time of alternative primary site cancer diagnosis. Among 226,816 cases with metastatic disease, cases with breast cancer (65.58%), and prostate cancer (89.60%) had a high incidence proportion (>10%) of identified bone metastases. Patients with additional bone metastases resulting from prostate cancer, breast cancer, and testis cancer presented the best survival time.
CONCLUSIONS
Incidence and prognosis differ considerably among bone metastases with different primary malignancy sites. These results may encourage appropriate application of bone imaging.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prevalence; Prognosis; SEER Program; United States
PubMed: 32634071
DOI: 10.1177/2309499020915989 -
Discovery Medicine May 2019Skeletal-related events are severe problems in patients with breast cancer. Bone metastasis and endocrine therapy are closely related to skeletal morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Skeletal-related events are severe problems in patients with breast cancer. Bone metastasis and endocrine therapy are closely related to skeletal morbidity and mortality. Skeletal-related events during breast cancer tumorigenesis lead to the exacerbated poor life quality of patients. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the characteristics of skeletal-related events during bone metastasis of breast cancer, especially on the major cause of skeletal-related events, early diagnosis and threshold of anti-absorption treatment. Finally, we highlight novel approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal-related events during bone metastasis of breast cancer.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 31361984
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause of malignant bone neoplasm in children, adolescents and young adults under 20 years of age. It also presents another peak of incidence in people over 50 years of age and is associated with rheumatic diseases. Numerous environmental risk factors, such as bone diseases, genetics and a history of previous neoplasms, have been widely described in the literature, which allows monitoring a certain group of patients. Diagnosis requires numerous imaging tests that make it possible to stratify both the local involvement of the disease and its distant spread, which ominously determines the prognosis. Thanks to various clinical trials, the usefulness of different chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy and surgical techniques with radical intent has now been demonstrated; these represent improvements in both prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Osteosarcoma patients should be evaluated in reference centres by multidisciplinary committees with extensive experience in proper management. Although numerous genetic and rheumatological diseases and risk factors have been described, the use of serological, genetic or other biomarkers has been limited in clinical practice compared to other neoplasms. This limits both the initial follow-up of these patients and screening in populations at risk. In addition, we cannot forget that the diagnosis is mainly based on the direct biopsy of the lesion and imaging tests, which illustrates the need to study new diagnostic alternatives. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the natural history of the disease and describe the main biomarkers, explaining their clinical uses, prognosis and limitations.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Bone Neoplasms; Incidence
PubMed: 36499267
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314939 -
Chinese Clinical Oncology Dec 2019Metastases to the bone represent the third most common site of metastatic disease. More than 50% of patients with metastatic cancer will develop bone metastases.... (Review)
Review
Metastases to the bone represent the third most common site of metastatic disease. More than 50% of patients with metastatic cancer will develop bone metastases. Associated morbidity is related to local tumor progression that destroys bone to result in pain, pathologic fracture, hypercalcemia, and neurologic deficits. Depending on the tumor biology, systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy may not provide complete local control and may not adequately relieve associated pain. While surgical intervention may be beneficial in many patients, surgical options may also provide incomplete locoregional cure or palliation, and moreover may require extensive healing that can delay systemic therapy. Interventional oncology treatments can provide appealing alternative therapies for osseous metastases. These minimally-invasive therapies can augment existing conventional treatments and even provide a viable option for patients that have exhausted, or are not suitable candidates, for conventional treatments. Interventional oncology treatments are applied for either pain palliation, local tumor control, or both. The goals of treatment can include tumor remission or cure, as well as improved quality of life and mobility. An effective and durable interventional oncology treatment requires a tailored approach that considers the high variability in disease presentation. Osseous metastases may present throughout the skeleton, with low to high vascularity, and undulant to rapidly aggressive tumor biology. This article reviews the main percutaneous treatment for osseous metastases that include embolization, thermal ablation, vertebral augmentation, cementoplasty, and fixation by internal cemented screw (FICS).
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 31735050
DOI: 10.21037/cco.2019.10.02 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Feb 2007Epithelioid and epithelial neoplasms seen in bone are rare and include epithelioid variants of vascular lesions, osteoblastoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma, and... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Epithelioid and epithelial neoplasms seen in bone are rare and include epithelioid variants of vascular lesions, osteoblastoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma, and chondroblastoma as well as adamantinoma and metastatic carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of tumors with epithelioid histology and address the clinical context and diagnostic issues.
DATA SOURCES
Pertinent literature is reviewed with emphasis on recent and controversial issues.
CONCLUSIONS
The differential diagnosis in epithelioid/epithelial lesions of bone is limited. The primary consideration in many cases is distinguishing primary from metastatic lesions.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial
PubMed: 17284104
DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-205-EAENOB -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Apr 2022Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive bone neoplasm with a rare tendency to metastasise, most commonly to the lungs. The management of metastatic GCTB... (Review)
Review
Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive bone neoplasm with a rare tendency to metastasise, most commonly to the lungs. The management of metastatic GCTB (metGCTB) is controversial due to its unpredictable behaviour. Asymptomatic patients should be monitored radiologically and undergo treatment only when disease progression occurs. Surgery is recommended for resectable metGCTB. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody which inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, is recommended for unresectable metGCTB with evidence from phase II trials demonstrating its safety and efficacy. Relapse after denosumab withdrawal may occur and prolonged treatment may be associated with serious adverse events, thus further research is warranted to inform a maintenance regimen with reduced dosing and frequency. Combined denosumab and bisphosphonate therapy has the potential to achieve sustained disease control or remission in unresectable metGCTB without requiring long-term treatment and should be evaluated in prospective trials. Various novel agents have demonstrated in vitro and anecdotal efficacy and warrant further evaluation.
Topics: Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Denosumab; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35143093
DOI: 10.1111/ans.17520 -
The Journal of Pathology Sep 2019Bone metastasis is present in a high percentage of breast cancer (BCa) patients with distant disease, especially in those with the estrogen receptor-positive (ER )... (Review)
Review
Bone metastasis is present in a high percentage of breast cancer (BCa) patients with distant disease, especially in those with the estrogen receptor-positive (ER ) subtype. Most cells that escape primary tumors are unable to establish metastatic lesions, which suggests that target organ microenvironments are hostile for tumor cells. This implies that BCa cells must achieve a process of speciation to adapt to the new conditions imposed in the new organ. Bone has unique characteristics that can be exploited by cancer cells: it undergoes constant remodeling and comprises diverse environments (including osteogenic, perivascular, and hematopoietic stem cell niches). This allows colonizing cells to take advantage of numerous adhesion molecules, matrix proteins, and soluble factors that facilitate homing, survival, and, eventually, metastatic outgrowth. However, in most cases, metastatic lesions enter into a latency state that can last months, years, or even decades, before forming a clinically detectable macrometastasis. This dormant state challenges the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy. Detecting which tumors are more prone to metastasize to bone and developing new specific therapies that target bone metastasis represent urgent clinical needs. Here, we review the biological mechanisms of BCa bone metastasis and provide the latest options of treatments and predictive markers that are currently in clinical use or are being tested in clinical assays. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Micrometastasis; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis; Time Factors; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 31095738
DOI: 10.1002/path.5292 -
BMJ Case Reports Feb 2019Ewing sarcoma is a lesion of bone, described in small round cell neoplasm. This tumour resembles primitive neuroectodermal tumour both clinically and histologically....
Ewing sarcoma is a lesion of bone, described in small round cell neoplasm. This tumour resembles primitive neuroectodermal tumour both clinically and histologically. Major difference between these two is that the former arises in the bone and the later in soft tissue. It appears most frequently in males at the age range of of 5-25 years, 80% of which occurs within first two decades of life. Males are more commonly affected than females. Present paper reported with a case report of male patient with 24-year-old showing Ewing's sarcoma of right maxilla.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Maxilla; Maxillary Neoplasms; Osteotomy, Le Fort; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Sarcoma, Ewing; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 30796079
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227819 -
BJU International Apr 2007The interplay in prostate cancer bone metastases between the 'seed' (the prostate cancer cells) and the 'soil' (the bone microenvironment) has been increasingly... (Review)
Review
The interplay in prostate cancer bone metastases between the 'seed' (the prostate cancer cells) and the 'soil' (the bone microenvironment) has been increasingly recognized as integral to the remarkable tropism for bone shown by prostate cancer. Increasing research into this area is elucidating the mechanisms involved in this complex 'cross-talk'. Recent developments, including the use of bisphosphonates in metastatic disease, highlight the important role of bone cells in the development and progression of metastatic prostate cancer. We review the current reports emphasising these possible mechanisms and indicating possible factors for future treatment directions.
Topics: Aging; Bone Density; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Remodeling; Cell Communication; Hormones; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 17166237
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06670.x